Tridentine Decrees

I was flipping through one of my seminary texts last night, one I had to read for Fundamental Theology - "Systematic Theology: Roman Catholic Perspectives" (Fortress Press), and found an interesting passage dealing with the eucharist. The author, David Powers, a theology professor from Catholic University, writes on p.280 that the Tridentine decrees were historically determined, apologetic, and defensive documents, rather than the authentic and full teaching of the Christian faith on the eucharist. He suggests that Trent itself never intended its decrees to be read as eternal, immutable, and unchanging laws.

It is always interesting to see what is being taught on the grass roots level in the Roman Church, and how it is so different from what many traditionalist RCs (especially converts, and people addicted to EWTN) believe.

The Sacramental Principle - By the Rt. Rev'd Albert Chambers

Here is a cool article by the Rt. Rev'd Albert Chambers that I found on the Church of the Resurrection's (NYC, Fr. Barry Swain, SSC, rector) website. Chambers was once the rector of this parish. More important, he was one of the three bishops who consecrated the first four bishops of the "continuing church" in the mid-seventies.

The Sacramental Principle

by The Rt Rev’d Albert A. Chambers,

Bishop of Springfield 1962-1972

Rector of this Church 1949-1962

“That they may by your good works, which they shall behold, glorify God on the day of visitation.”

Good works do not necessarily mean the moral and ethical lives we lead. One can never tell how far-reaching the influence is of our good deeds. We would not minimize it, or belittle it. But there is another kind of bearing witness and another kind of giving glory to God which is inherent in our worship.

William Earnest Hocking once wrote, “Symbols without explanations run to theological mummery; explanations without symbols run to philosophical dry bones.” If you have two hands, why use only one?

In the Book of Common Prayer, embodying the Catholic heritage of the Church, the sacramental principle is preserved. Outward and visible signs are the effective and divinely instituted means of bestowing inward and spiritual grace. That is what a Sacrament is. Yet to use the outward and visible thing without knowing its meaning is mummery; to neglect the outward and visible thing is to lose one’s self in philosophical “dry bones”. Having two hands, why use only one?

The sacramental principle is natural and reasonable. We who are within the Catholic tradition believe it to be necessary. The inner response to the outward and visible is essential. The outward and visible augments the inner response.

We can understand better the means of Grace instituted and commanded by Our Lord if we begin with ourselves. We can call this the sacramental principle on the human level. We do not believe this irreverent or sacrilegious if it helps us to understand the mystery of the sacramental life.

We begin simply by looking at man as he is. Man lives in two worlds at the same time: the material and the spiritual.

The material world is appreciated and apprehended through the five senses: hearing, seeing, tasting, smelling, feeling with our bodies. It is a concrete world. It is made up of things. These things can be measured, described, compared. They are concrete. This world includes our bodies as well as so-called inanimate objets.

The spiritual world is invisible. It is appreciated and apprehended through the activity of the soul, the spirit, the mind. It is abstract. It cannot be measured, described, compared – though it can be demonstrated. In it are all the qualities of the spiritual life: love, goodness, kindness, truth, beauty, forgiveness, understanding, knowledge, joy, happiness, peace, and many other realities not describable. They are derived from God, who is the source and creator of them, even as he is the source and creator of all in the physical world.

The materialism of our present day may have its roots in the fact that the physical world is measurable and can be described precisely, as by the use of mathematics, whereas the spiritual world, eluding the senses, is incapable of measurement. One can buy a dozen eggs, or a bushel of apples, or weigh 160 pounds or be 5’10” in height. These are accurate descriptions. But one cannot say that he has a bushel 0f love, or a dozen of beauty, or that he is happier than someone else, or that he loves his wife more than someone else loves his wife. Yet which of the two worlds in which man lives is more important?

Without belittling the physical world (which would necessitate belittling our own bodies) we recognize the fact that the material, physical world is transitory and temporary, whereas the spiritual world is eternal. This we emphasize in order that we may have the proper perspective and may maintain the proper emphasis in our living.

Man’s life in these two worlds is fulfilled through the sacramental principle on a human level. That which is within must be expressed by that which is without. So we use the outward and visible as the means of communication. A thought in the mind or a feeling in the heart is expressed by the outward and visible. Life is lived day by day through the use of these outward signs.

Speech is a sacrament on the human level. It uses a physical apparatus to communicate the ideas or thoughts or feelings that are within and are invisible. The written word is a sacrament on the human level, because it, too, is a vehicle of communication – the means by which the unseen becomes visible. An embrace, a kiss, a handshake: these all partake of the sacramental character. Everything we do or say uses the outward and visible thing as the means of expressing that which is within.

There is a further observation. Not only do we express ourselves through the outward and visible, but we are also impressed by it. Speech, the written word, the embrace, make their impression upon us as we receive the communication intended for us. “A thing of beauty is a joy forever.” A symphony, a landscape (to take the obvious) impresses us – “does something to us –for us” Thus we respond to people, their attractiveness, and the outward and visible manifestation of their characters.

The whole process of communication is thus in reality a simple one. This is the way we are created. It is a process so simple and natural that we accept it without thought. The physical world gives us the tools and instruments with which to express ourselves one to another, and by which we are impressed one by another.

Is it unnatural therefore to expect that God would use this natural process in his relationship to us, and that we should use it in our relationship to him? We should not be surprised, therefore, to find sacraments in his Church, instituted by him, commanded by him, to be a means of Grace, a means of communication by which we meet him, by which he expresses himself to us, by which we are impressed by him. And we should not be surprised to find these same sacraments a means through which we are privileged to express ourselves to him, and by which we strive to impress him with our response to his love for us, our worship and our devotion.

Because He is pure spirit and we are bidden to worship him in spirit and in truth, should we limit him to “spiritual mental telepathy” and reject the outward and visible means which he might use? This would seem to be unnatural and unintelligent, to say nothing of its being disobedient. He did command – “preach, baptize, teach”. He did say – “Do this in remembrance of me”.

We rejoice in the sacraments of God’s Church, because his sacraments are means by which he communicates his life and power to us. We rejoice because he lets his sacramental grace pour into our hearts to bring the miracle of rebirth and the remission of sin in Holy Baptism; the Heavenly food in the sacrament of the Altar, the living bread which comes down from Heaven; the out-pouring of the Holy Spirit in Confirmation; the blessing and sacramental grace in Holy Matrimony; the special gift of the Holy Spirit given in Holy Orders; the absolution and forgiveness of sins in Sacramental Confession; and the healing power of God in Holy Unction. He uses these means of communicating to man his love, his gifts, his resources. They are also a means by which man lifts heart in adoration and worship to the throne of Grace.

There is another fact, related to this principle, for which we in the Catholic tradition stand, and about which there is much ignorance. It is the use of outward and visible signs in our worship. Merely to illustrate, without attempting to give in any way an exhaustive list of them, we cite a few of the “externals” of our worship.

The use of incense in our worship has an ancient and noble history. Incense is the symbol of honor, or purification. It reminds us that our prayers are rising to the throne of Grace – “let my prayer be set forth in thy sight as the incense, and let the lifting up of my hands be an evening sacrifice”. The use of incense comes to us from the Jewish Church where it was always part of their worship. It was because the early Christians would not burn incense – just a grain of it – to the Emperor that they were martyred. The use of incense is not meaningless. To burn it to the living God is to pay honor and tribute to him. Its use is abundantly justified.

The bodily acts of devotion common to our heritage are significant: the genuflection, for example – “at the name of Jesus, every knee shall bow, of things in Heaven and things in earth”. We bend the knee to honor his presence when we come into that Presence; we bend the knee to honor him as we approach to receive at the altar rail the Christ who gave himself for us. We stand to honor men of earth, we kneel to honor the King of Heaven.

Making the sign of the cross is also an outward and visible sign, reminding us that we were signed with the cross in Holy Baptism, and that we are not ashamed to confess the faith of Christ crucified. In the early Church the sign of the cross was a secret symbol by which Christians identified themselves to each other. We can thank God that today we can openly and joyfully sign ourselves with the cross in the name of the Blessed Trinity, thus reminding ourselves of God’s presence and bearing witness to our faith in him. There are many other bodily acts of devotion which assist us in our worship because they partake of the abiding principle of daily living, using outward acts to express inward realities.

In our worship of God we use many outward and visible signs. The vestments, the Altar Frontals, the stained glass windows, the beauty of Church architecture and decoration – these all have their rich heritage and meaning, and they all partake of the same principle – to worship the Lord in the beauty of holiness. They are means by which we express honor to him, by which we beautify his holy temple, by which we respond to his love. They all make their indelible impression upon us as they help to lift us to his Presence.

Call these “extra” aids to worship, but never forget their importance. They are simply means by which man can express himself in love and adoration to the God who created him, and by which he can pay him honor. They are means by which he can impress God of man’s response to his love. They also are instruments by which God expresses himself. These outward and visible instruments are made a means of communicating through which God expresses himself and impresses men.

These are good works. These are the things which we can behold. These are things and means by which we can glorify God. To deny them is to deny the means God has put at our disposal in order to deepen our life with him, to respond to his love, and to offer him worship.

The Suffering Artist

There is a an article in the news about a London art exhibit that explores the myth of the suffering artist. The curators suggest that artist depression and angst was triggered in part by the church and state buying less and less art, which caused artists to sell less work. Now, there may be something to that, but that's not what I wanted to write about today.

The article got me thinking about the various "Christian Arts" organizations, such as CIVA
and others that purport to help artists and the church reconnect. I have been involved in a number of these organizations, as well as with secular art organizations, and let me tell you they usually do nothing for artists. They have been, in my experience, a big waste of time and money. The church is still buying art - I know, because I used to sell stained glass windows, and I sold a lot of it. But the whole process is tied up with the contracting/bidding world, which most artists know very little about. And the people that run these arts organizations do not seem to know anything about the whole bidding and contracting process either, so individual artists never get the chance to show their work to the building committee, and thus never sell anything to churches. So they, and the leaders of these arts organizations, end up just kind of sitting around and whining about how no one in the church cares about art anymore. Well, that's just not true. Churches are still buying lots of art. Many clergy and laypeople would be open to buying work (such as vestments) from qualified individual artists, just as they are open to buying it from big, impersonal organizations (such as Almy), but they just do not know how to find these artists. So the whole process it rather depressing for everyone. The two need to be able to connect, but these organizations do not make that happen.

I actually have a proposal to address this problem that I will share with the world later - an idea I have been working on for years. But for now, if you are an artist like me, think twice before sending in your membership fee to join these organizations. They really will not help you sell your work to churches, or to anyone else for that matter

APA Provincial Synod Report

My wife and I just returned from the APA Provincial Synod, and I thought I would give a report on it. It was held in Merrilville, Indiana, which is where the pro-cathedral of St. Andrew of the Diocese of St. Augustine is located (DSA hosted the synod). For those of you who do not know, the APA is comprised of three dioceses: the Diocese of the Eastern US (DEUS, Bp. Walter Grundorf, Ordinary), the Diocese of the West (DOW, Bp. Richard Boyce, Ordinary), and the non-geographical Diocese of St. Augustine (DSA, Bp. Larry Shaver, Ordinary). DEUS itself is further divided into about nine deaneries. I do not know if there are any deaneries in the other dioceses. Before the provincial synod, the three dioceses had their diocesan synods.

The theme of the synod was “Faith and Mission”, and it was abundantly clear from the proceedings that the APA is thoroughly engaged in “faith and mission” on a variety of levels. There was lots of good news to report. Donations to the dioceses were up significantly. There are several new buildings going up (or that went up) since 2004 (four in DEUS). The provincial standings are as follows:

Total Parishes and Missions: 67 (up from 54 in 2004)
Total Members: 6,000 (up from 5,000 in 2004)
Total Deacons and Priests: 126 (up from 94 in 2004)
Total Bishops (active and retired): 10
Total Postulants: 30 (in various stages and in various programs)

(NOTE: The bishops read through the lists so quickly that I barely had time to write the standings down, so please excuse any inaccuracies. In the future, it would be helpful if a handout were distributed that contained the vital statistics.)

Visitors included some REC clergy, Bp. Royal Grote (REC), Fr. Amos of Abp. Akiola’s American church, the Rt. Rev’d Archimandrite Lev of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (representing the Ecumenical Patriarch), as well as a delightful SSC priest of the ACA out of Detroit. Fr. Amos read an official greeting from the archbishop. Highlights from the last two years include the Covenant Union with the REC and the Anglican Province of Nigeria; and the Common Cause Partnership, which includes the APA, REC, FiFNa, AMiA, and the ACN. The Anglican Federation, which the APA and REC started as a way to get the various “continuing” jurisdictions to work together without actually having to unite, and which has Abp. Gregory Venables serving as primatial patron, has attracted the interest of the Diocese of the Holy Cross and the ACA.

Various Items of Interest:

Positive reports were given on APA mission efforts in India, Fiji, Haiti, and elsewhere, though it would have been nice to have everything laid out in an information sheet or something. I personally knew nothing about the Church in India or elsewhere. Now I would say I know a little something. I think that the more people know about such missions, the more likely they would be top donate more time and money to them. Other mission efforts include supporting the Anglican Relief and Development Fund, which was established by the ACN as a way to provide support for needy people in third world countries, and so the people in those places do not have to accept money from heretical ECUSA dioceses.

Bp. Shaver, noticing the lack of young laypeople present, recommended that each diocese appoint a task force to get more lay youth out to the synods.

Bp. Grundorf noted the success of the APA/REC pension fund. Every parish has to contribute 10% of their clergy’s stipend to this fund (this is over and above their pay). This will provide financial security and great benefits for clergy down the road. To date there is still no diocesan health plan, but various people have been reviewing available options here and there.

As for clergy and clergy-related news, I was impressed at hearing of all of the various clergy retreats and quiet days that were held in the various deaneries (in DEUS). That shows how committed the clergy of the APA are to spiritual growth and development. Church planting and evangelism is very high on the list of priorities, with new missions forming regularly. The missions that have been formed in the last two years are doing extremely well and growing. There are plans for missions in a number of different areas around the country. And since God is blessing the APA with many vocations, we will, Lord willing, have the manpower to bring these missions about. Related to vocations, the Board of Examining Chaplains of DEUS require seminary degrees of all candidates for Holy Orders. That is a good policy to have.

Music for the liturgies was provided by the choir of St. Andrews School, an APA classical school out of California. They did a phenomenal job of leading the Anglican chants at Matins and Evensong, and singing special music during the synod mass. There special music piece by Tallis at the synod mass was particularly delightful.

I was blown away by an impromptu performance of the American songbook by the Rt. Rev’d Robert Samuel Loiselle on a grand piano in the lobby on Thursday evening. +Bob was an entertainer on Bourbon Street for many, many years, and it really shows. He is a great singer and an astounding pianist. I wish I had my video camera!

There was nothing extremely disconcerting that happened, though a few things did bother me. The liturgies were all pretty sloppy – especially the daily ones – which was very unfortunate. Organizers didn’t adequately manage time limits of speeches and sermons, so various events went on longer than necessary. The logistics of the liturgies was poorly thought out: when to kneel/stand; how to receive communion; where to have them; where to sit; etc. Here in Maryland we managed a much more diverse group of people at the joint APA/REC Holy Eucharist on Trinity Sunday Evening, and it went extremely well, and everything ran right on schedule. Why? Because we carefully planned everything out. Planning always pays off. It troubled me to hear of one DEUS parish that had begun using “altar girls”. I think that sets a bad and dangerous precedent, and I shall be most disappointed if other APA parishes follow suit. Personally, I don’t think many will, but one can never be too sure. Having more informative handouts and passing out updated clergy/church rosters would have been nice too. There is a lot going on, but the word doesn’t always get out. We need to work on that. Those who took buses from the airport to the hotel ran into numerous difficulties (my wife and I drove, so we were spared all of that).

So overall, the health of the church is good and the synod was fine. Basically, we are a small but growing bunch of traditional Anglicans striving to be faithful to where God has called us to be, and trying to spread the gospel of Jesus Christ in word and sacrament. May God grant us His grace and mercy to be a light for Him in this world, and to lead more and more people to His blessed son, Jesus Christ, the one and only savior of the world.

St. Mark's Church, Vero Beach, Florida

Per some requests, here are a few pictures of the interior of St. Mark's Church, the APA parish where I will be serving as curate beginning in September. There is another chapel that I don't have a picture of, and I do not have close ups of the fantastic stained glass. But this gives you a general idea of of the place. This building was erected in the last couple years, and it shows what can be done when people give generously of their time and resources for God's work.

New Anglican Blog

Here is a new Anglican blog that looks like it will be very good:

http://anglicancleric.blogspot.com/

I had the priviledge of meeting the priest/author at the APA synod. He was wearing a sharp looking "Canterbury cap" at the synod eucharist. I'd never actually seen one in real life before. Hmmm, maybe I ought to buy one too!

APA Synod this Week and Other News

My wife and I will be out in Indiana this week at the APA synod. I'll try to send an update, perhaps. I don't know that there is anything pressing on the agenda, which is fine. "No news is good news", as the old saying goes.

I have been reading about the aftermath of the PB election in ECUSA (or TEC, or whatever they call themselves now). Seems like a lot of people are pretty angry about this, and that ECUSA, in its arrogance, chose yet another course of action that would alienate as many Anglicans in the greater communion as possible. Of course, one could see this coming. Since they began "ordaining" women in the late 70's, it was only a matter of time before they'd have a female PB. Those within ECUSA who are miffed at this should have considered that a woman could eventually be elected to this post. Women are ordained as priests and bishops... so why forbid them from becoming PB? That said, it would seem that a more cautious path at this time in terms of "getting along" with the rest of the Anglican/ecummenical world would have been to ordain a moderate male, but ECUSA has not showed discretion in the past, so why expect them to do so now? What does this mean, if anything, for continuers? Who knows? Many outsiders assume that everytime there is an ECUSA meeting where they do something crazy and decide to ordain cats or something that continuing parishes get a huge influx of new members. That is not always true. Sometimes groups leave ECUSA parishes and form AMiA parishes, or they just join other denominations, or they just stay in ECUSA and suffer in silence, etc. We continuers usually do get a few new members here and there, but my experience - which is very small, mind you - has been that we do not get tons of new members. Switching from ECUSA to a continuing jurisdiction can be quite a change: we use the old BCP; we don't do "praise and worship" songs; we don't ordain women - even if they are conservative theologically (women do not even serve at the altar); the list could go on. So it is not always an easy transition. Anyway, I hope that God gives His grace to those in ECUSA and helps them figure out what, if anything, to do next.

Finally, I am thrilled to report that my old college friend, Jeffrey Baus, is heading off to Nashotah House this fall to study for the priesthood under the auspices of the Diocese of Quincy. He is a good man and wil be a great priest someday. Please keep him in your prayers, and look for his new blog he says he's going to start once he's there. He'll be joined by my buddy from St. Alban's, Don Sackett, who will be starting his master's at Nashotah this fall for the APA Diocese of the Eastern US. Don will be a good, holy priest as well.

New Curacy Position

This August my wife and I will be packing our bags and moving down to Vero Beach, Florida and to St. Mark's Anglican Church, where I will serve as curate under Fr. Mike Ward, SSA. It goes without saying that we will miss everyone at St. Alban's Joppa, MD, which has been wonderful, nurturing parish home for several years now. We'll also miss the area APA and REC clergy and parishes, Mt. Calvary Church (FiFNa), the All Saints' Convent, and everyone else, as well as being so close to Washington, DC and New York City. But this new opportunity is from the Lord, and so ultimately we are excited. We are really looking forward to experiencing new things, a change of pace, and being able to minister in the "sunshine state" in the name of Our Savior, Jesus Christ. Please keep us in your prayers.

BCP Update/Revision

On the Faith and Life e-mail discussion board, which is for APA and REC clergy, there has been discussion recently about prayer book revision. Personally, I do not think we need a major revision of prayer book. That said, I would like to see a few little additions and changes here and there if possible. Here's a few I thought of over coffee this morning:

1) Expand the kalendar to include the saints days as found in Lesser Feasts and Fasts

2) Make certain parts of the mass optional under certain circumstances as the Decalogue is (e.g. the Summary of the Law, the Comfortable Words, etc.)

3) Allow the Gloria to be moved to the ante-communion if the celebrant so desires

4) Allow for more antiphons for use with the Venite in Morning Prayer

5) Allow for a private for of confession/absolution at Morning and Evening Prayer (similar to the confiteor) for when the person is saying it privately

6) Add the form of Absolution from the 1662 English BCP used in the Visitation for the Sick, and also add a form of private confession and absolution.

7) Expand the catechism

8) Add the Benedictus and Agnus Dei (everyone adds them already anyway)

9) Add the Athanasian Creed

10) Add compline from the Scottish 1929 BCP

Continuing Anglicans: Slammed in New Book

Here is a link I found on Virtuosity that is interesting. The new "Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer" slams continuing Anglicans in one part as being sectarian and schismatic. If it is "schismatic and sectarian" to follow "the faith once delivered to the saints", to believe in the divine inspiration and authority of the scriptures as interpreted by the ecumenical councils and mind of the undivided church, to believe in the catholic priesthood, and to believe in absolute truth - especially in the moral sphere, then I am proudly schismatic and sectarian!

Good Preachers

I love watching reruns of Archbishop Sheen's show "Life is Worth Living" on EWTN. He is such a good communicator, combining great insights with grandiose gestures and a few well-placed jokes here and there. In many ways he is my inspiration as I write my sermons. I hope that one day I can be as effective a communicator for the Lord Jesus Christ as he was. (except without the cape)

It seems to me that one of the things that many traditional Anglican churches lack these days are effective communicators. A priest or deacon might be very intelligent, and have a lot of good things to say, but many times they just don't communicate their ideas very well, so parishioners and others don't go away feeling inspired or challenged, and the church doesn't grow too much. Maybe it is a lack of seminary training in that area. Or maybe the sermon is just greatly downplayed in our tradition because good, meaty sermons are thought to be too "Protestant". But the sermon is a supremely important part of the liturgy as the fathers of the Reformation believed, and as the fathers of the liturgical movement and Vatican II believed. There is quite an art to good oratory. St. Peter's sermon on the day of Pentecost led to three thousand people being baptized! That is good, spirit-filled communication, and that is what the church needs in this day and age.

Icon Writing and general Art Update

Well, it has been several months since I've started icon "writing" (painting), and I making good progress in some ways, and not so good progress in other ways. So far I have done five icons, and am working on my sixth. The most difficult parts about it for me are:

1) etching the image into the wood - it is hard to get precise lines at first... sometimes the awl gets away from you, and a line gets unintentionally lengthened, or goes in the wrong direction, or something

2) painting on such a small scale - it's quite difficult and laborious trying to paint small facial features so they look good

As someone with a broad background in fine art, and especially in painting, I have found the egg tempra medium to be really great to work in. The amount of detail, and subtle textures that one can acheive with it are really amazing. I can see why Andrew Wyeth uses that medium for his major works. I might try some other types of paintings in this medium at some point. One of the interesting things I have noticed in studying various types of icons is that the east and west had an almost identical artistic tradition up until the Italian Renaissance. The work of Duccio (proto-Renaissance Siennese painter), is very similar to that of his contemporary Byzantine/Greek counterparts.

Anyway, once I am done all of these (all the icons I've done so far are 9"x12") I will try some larger scale ones, and then maybe I will have a show of them sometime next year. In other artistic news, I recently sold my "Purgatory" painting, which I did while in seminary. It was part of a series I did on the "stages of death" - the others in the series being "Alienation", "Death", "Hell" (destroyed), "Purgatory" (sold), and "Salvation" (sold). NB: I just tried to make a link to it, but for some reason it's not working. I will try to get it up soon. Anyway, it was exciting to sell this piece, as I've come close to selling it a few times. It is an interesting painting and very near and dear to my heart. In some ways it foreshadows where I want to eventually go with my icon painting.

I will be having a show in Bel Air (Maryland) in August at the Liriodendron art gallery, which will consist of recent cityscapes. More information will be posted about it in the coming weeks. And the best news of all, my lovely wife is poised to have my updated art website up in a few more weeks, which, of course, I will link to from this blog.

Ordination

This weekend a good friend of mine from my seminary days will be ordained to the Roman Catholic priesthood. My wife and I hope to attend his ordination. He is being ordained in a pretty liberal diocese, but they have a new bishop who is trying to clean things up, so I think he will prosper. He is that rare cleric who is both committed to his principles and to what the RC Church teaches, but is also pastoral and can see "the big picture". I hope and pray that he will have a great ministry.

I have seen so many men prepare for holy orders, both in the Roman Catholic Church and in the continuing Anglican Churches who have "not made it". With many of them the craziest stuff seems to happen to thwart them on their way. It is as though Satan is working overtime specifically on them to prevent them from being ordained, and so from helping others draw near to Jesus Christ. The icon to the left always reminded me of this. Imagine the men as "aspirants and postulants" who are climbing up the ladder, seeking to be ordained, but devils are trying to pluck them off. And sadly, many men are plucked off.

Whenever we try to do anything good for God, and for His kingdom, we can be sure that Satan will try to stop us at every step of the way. How much more when a man is preparing for ordination, and preparing to become the "icon of Christ" - a priest.