Priest-Artist

Here is an article on me and my art in the Baltimore Sun. The reporter got some of the dates wrong, but it is a confusing story, so that's okay.

Clericalism is back.

Recently, I had an interesting discussion with a person about "diversifying" the leadership in churches (and this person's home church in particular - not an Anglican parish). As our discussion went on, it became apparant to me that this person was equating leadership and ministry entirely with the ordained ministry. In his mind, women should be "ordained" because they have a right to be leaders and ministers (in a generic sense of the word) as do men.

I suppose this was interesting to me because the more rigorous opponents of a male-only pastorate/priesthood usually cite clericalism (i.e. the priest/pastor does everything) as being one of the great evils of Christianity... a holdover from Medieval times. But what was so intriguing was that advocates of women's "ordination" are actually perpetuating this evil of clericalism and taking it to new extremes. The person I was talking to seemed to think that one had to be ordained, and lead sacramental acts, to take positions of leadership, service, and ministry in the local and larger church! That is clericalism at its most extreme. In reality, one does not have be ordained to "minister" in the name of the Lord (sacramental acts excluded, obviously). We are all called to serve and minister, and to help bring God's Kingdom into greater realization here on earth in whatever way we can.

Gentley, I tried to point out that Mother Angelica on EWTN is a perfect example of someone who has leadership over a lot of things (a global Catholic television network - that's a pretty big deal), yet she is not ordained, and is even opposed to "ordaining" women. There are the multitude of educators, charity providers, political leaders, etc. who all serve God without being ordained. The list of women who minister in the name of the Lord without being ordained could go on forever. It is not required to be ordained to serve God. In fact laity are required to serve God by virtue of their baptism and confirmation as much as the ordained are. Now obviously, the church has by divine institution a sacramental priesthood and ministry; that goes without saying. But I think to suggest that one haas to be ordained to serve God, start and lead ministries, witness to the truth of Jesus Christ to people, etc. is false. To suggest that is simply to promote clericalism.

Dominus Vobiscum

After a lovely spaghetti dinner last week, I decided to sit back and relax by drinking some lemoncello and watching "The Godfather". Then, I suddenly remembered that my vestments would be ready on Saturday! So when Saturday came around, my wife and I got in my Fiat, popped a Puccini CD into the CD player, and drove up to Philalephia to Renzetti & Magnarelli to pick them up. (I almost took my Ducati motorcycle up, but am glad I didn't, as there was lots of rain that afternoon.) On the way up we stopped by Little Italy in Baltimore to have some prosciutto and mozarella for lunch. When we got to Philly, we picked up the vestments, and they look great! On the way back, we stopped for desert and each had a cappuccino and some tiramisu.

Here is me in my red set from today's mass for St. James.

St. Cyril of Jerusalem on Communion

Here is a delicious quote from St. Cyril of Jerusalem (circa A.D. 387) on communion in both kinds and reverence for the sacred species. This quote comes from A Manuel for Confessors by Belton.

"Make thy left hand a throne for the right, as for that which is to receive a king. And hollowing thy palm receive the Body of Christ, saying over it the Amen. Hallow then with care thine eyes by the touch of the holy Body, and partake of it, giving heed lest thou lose any part of it; for whatever thou shouldest lose would evidently be a loss to thee as from one of thine own members. For tell me, if any one gave thee grains of gold, wouldest thou not hold them with all care, taking heed lest thou shouldest lose any of them and suffer loss? Wilt thou not much more carefully be in thy guard lest a crumb fall from thee of what is more precious than gold and precious stones? Then, after thou hast made thy communion of the Body of Christ, draw near also to the cup of His Blood, not stretching out thy hands, but bending and in an attitude of reverence and worship saying the Amen, hallow thyself by partaking also of the Blood of Christ."

Artist Blog

Okay, there is one more new blog that I want to highlight, and that is my art blog. Sometimes I have so much more to say about art and culture than I do about life as a continuing Anglican, so I thought I'd start this. This new blog will have a link to my art website (which is still being updated), as well as other art-related organizations. Obviously it will touch on theology and the church here and there, as I am a priest-artist, but the overall thrust of it will be art... and my art in particular.

To the left is one of the icons (Virgin Eleousa) that will be in my upcoming show.

Fare thee well, Baltimore

In almost a month, my wife and I will be packing our bags and moving down south to Vero Beach, Florida, where I'll serve as curate of St. Mark's Anglican Church.

I will certainly miss Baltimore, as I have lived here all my life (though I was actually born in Miami). Some of the things I will miss the most will be church-related people and things. I'll my spiritual director and confessor, Fr. Charles McClean, SSC, along with everyone else at Mt. Calvary Church. I'll miss making the rounds to the various Choral Evensong services around town. I'll miss being so close to New York City and Washington, DC. I'll miss being near to the Icon and Book Service (Washington), as well as The Newman Bookstore, which is the greatest theological bookstore on the planet. I'll miss spending hours snooping around the dark recesses of the fantastic library of my alma mater, St. Mary's Seminary. I'll miss walking up the street and looking around at the Episcopal bookstore, St. Bede's, and laughing under my breath at all of the weird New Age stuff they get in. And there is so much more that I will miss that I don't have space to mention.

All of that may sound boring to some, and maybe it is. But to me it is all so exciting and enriching. It's those simple things in life that make it so wonderful and worth living. I think that many people would be much happier and more fulfilled if they took the time to appreciate the finer points of their own life as God has given it to them. When we are thankful for the little things in life, and strive to live a life of simplicity, we begin to be transformed. Slowly we cease to be concerned about gaining more possessions and power. We slow down, and find ourselves with a mind and soul that is able to contemplate greater things... the things that are really worthwhile, and that do not fade away, such as love, relationships, and God.

Blessed with Vocations

As I mentioned in my report about the recent APA Synod, we have been blessed with lots of vocations to Holy Orders in recent years. When the church has clergy that means that it has the manpower to go out and minister and evangelize. We have been blessed not only with candidates in general, but with good candidates who are personable, professional, well-educated, and committed to serving our risen Lord.

My own parish of St. Alban's seems to be a "vocations" factory. Just yesterday I learned of yet another talented and well-educated man who is interested in going to seminary and possibly pursuing ordination. So after me, and the man and his family that just left for Nashotah House, that means we have 3-4 men in our parish alone who are at various stages in the discernment process. Why do we get so many? Well, we pray for more vocations at every single mass... that's got to be the main reason, obviously. God always answers prayer. Also, the rector is a very holy man who takes his work extremely seriously, and that goes a long way in attracting men to offer themselves for the sacred ministry. Indeed I've been in parishes where the rector doesn't take himself or his priestly vocation seriously, and it reflects in the health of the parish and level of vocations.

I truly believe that God is doing a great work in the world, and that He will use us traditional Anglicans to help accomplish it. In fact, I think that God is setting the stage for something big, as He is getting many men ready to preach the Gospel and administer the sacraments to a world that desperately needs them.

Pray for vocations. Pray for priests.

Greater Organization on the Blog

I have just created a new catagory of links that lists cross-jurisdictional Anglican unity organizations and partnerships around the country. If you have one in your area that has a website, please let me know and I will add it to this list. One of the things that I hope to do is organize the links in a better way and add additional catagories so that this blog can be used as a resource by others, and also be an instrument of unity in some small way.

And another new one....

Here is another Anglican blog that looks like it'll be really good: Glad to Be Anglican

The blogger, The Rev'd David Beckamnn, is a priest of the EMC out of Chattanooga. I am partial to people and things from Chattanooga, as I attended Covenant College for a few years way back when. The APA has a parish nearby in Knoxville, Holy Cross Anglican Church, whose vicar is the Rev'd Ralph Waterhouse (and also a fellow motorcyclist).

It is nice to see that classical Anglicanism is alive and well in the Tennessee Valley!

Another Roman Catholic TV Docu-Drama

Recently I received the latest newsletter from the Monastery of Christ in the Desert in New Mexico, where I took a retreat while in seminary years ago. It said that they participated in a documentary for the Learning Channel, which will air in September or October, where they let five men and five women come and live with them in the monastery for fourty days. It should be pretty good. Initially they were reluctant to participate, but since they have they've found that a lot of good has come from it.

This monastery is a great place to visit, by the way, and I highly recommend it to all who are interested. They are a really friendly bunch of people, and they do the liturgy amazingly well.

Two New Blogs

Here are two new blogs that look like they will be intersting to follow. The first is by Joshua Mahar, a student at Gordon-Conwell Seminary, and the second by my longtime friend and associate, Jeffrey Baus, aspirant for the Diocese of Quincy, and student at Nashotah House.

A Life Learning Grace: Sursum Corda

Remnant Anglican

Society for a Moratorium on the Music of Marty Haugen and David Hass

Here is wonderful society that all Roman Catholics, and certainly any other Christian interested in good liturgical music, should join. Membership is free.

Gordon-Conwell Seminary Starting Anglican Clergy Training Program

Read all about it at Virtuosity. Too bad some other seminaries don't start similar programs. I believe the APA tried to set something up with RTS in Orlando, but it fell through, or is in limbo. The ACC tried to set something up with St. Mary's Seminary (School of Theology) and Union (Richmond) years ago, but that fell through as well. The difference, though, is that this program has been initiated by Gordon-Conwell. Those other attempts were initiated by the churches, I believe. So kudos to Gordon-Conwell. They are not only trying to serve God's kingdom, but also making a smart financial move. Why not try to cash in on all of the Anglican clergy who need training? Not everyone can go to Trinity or Nashotah House, you know.

It seems like a lot of conservative seminaries are missing out on the whole body of traditional Anglicans. There are a lot of us, and we need seminaries to go to. There is no viable continuing church seminary, except maybe the APCK one (which doesn't admit students from other jurisdictions). And I don't know how viable that place really is. So many of these places are simply missing out on a lot of prospective students, which is incredibly idiotic from a business perspective. All they need are one or two Anglican professors to start with to make an Anglican "house of studies", or something.

The place that is making my vestments began making outfits for the non-denominational black church years ago. You should see some of the unusual garments they make for the leaders of these bodies. They had been making Roman Catholic vestments for decades - a small, family owned firm, but branched out at some point. Some might laugh at them for serving these churches, but I applaud them. It shows good business sense. And as a result, they are a thriving vestment maker and have really good prices. So I don't know why more seminaries don't do that. Again, it just seems like they are really missing out on more income and greater building of God's kingdom.

Alternative Primatial Oversight: Remaking Anglican Ecclesiology?

One of the interesting aspects of the "TEC" dioceses pursuing this relationship with the Archbishop of Canterbury is that it would make those dioceses similar to Roman Catholic dioceses in the sense that RC dioceses answer directly to Rome. It is still not the same thing, obviously, but kind of tilts in that direction. Desperate times call for desperate measures, I suppose.

What will cantaur do? Personally, I see him as part of the problem, and have no idea why anyone would want to be under him. He is clearly a brilliant theologian, but he doesn't strike me as being a very good and decisive leader. Nonetheless, I offer my prayers for TEC, and especially those conservative dioceses and churches within that fold.

St. Karl Rahner

There is a fascinating discussion on Pontifications about how the Roman Catholic Church needs to "get over Rahner". The Pontificator says on one of the comments that readers of his blog would most likely not agree with the theology of Karl Rahner, or his contemporaries, such as Schilldbeeckx, Lonergan, David Tracy, and (obviously) Kung. And I imagine that he is probably right! And yet Rahner is taught in all of the Catholic seminaries, and has been for a long, long time. How very interesting.

We were force fed all those guys mentioned above, and especially Rahner, in seminary. I wish I had a dollar for every time I heard the Rahnerian phrase "transcendental openness" in my classes! His thought permeated every single class - from fundamental theology, to liturgy, to moral theology. For those of you who do not know, Rahner was a student of the philosopher Martin Heidegger, so he builds his theology on those categories, much like the Anglican, John MacQuarrie (who translated "Being and Time"). Many traditionalists believe those ontological categories are unsuitable to serve as a basis for Christian theology.

Honestly, I don't think Rahner is going anywhere in the Catholic Church. He has been taught in the seminaries for so long already, and was a major influence during Vatican II (indeed he was peritus - the theological expert - for almost all of the German bishops during that time). And insofar as the Catholic seminary system is built around the documents of Vatican II, he is going to be around for a long time. So in a word, if one is Catholic and does not like Rahner, he must simply learn to deal with it, and accept the fact that his priest and bishops are probably ardent disciples of Rahner - preferring him over St. Thomas Aquinas.

I suppose it is hard for converts to the Catholic Church to accept how the theology and method of the church has changed so much in the 20th century. Usually converts read only the books on a particular faith that they wish to read, and they develop in their mind some Platonic ideal of the way the faith they're converting to is supposed to be. But then they get discourgaged and disillusioned when, after converting, they see it's not really the way they envisioned it in their minds. For example, if one limits himself to only reading books by Ignatius Press, watching EWTN, going to an Indult Mass (or some more tradtional Novus Ordo mass), he may very well have an unpleasant surprise when he sees how the church actually is in all of its breadth and diversity. Incidently, people do this when converting to any number of faith traditions. It happens with Anglicanism too, so I am not just picking on Roman's here. Zealous converts to another faith tradition, would do well to seek out the wackiest stuff that people of that tradition have to offer, and to familairize themselves with it, so they will not surprised by anything coming down the pike.

For all of the Dearmerites out there...

My wife's boss asked me to come by and bless their new office today. Unfortunately, I forgot to get my cassock, lace surplice, stole, and biretta from church after Monday's mass of the Visitation. So the reverend clergy at Mt. Calvary Church lent me some vestments at the last minute (excluding a biretta, but that doesn't invalidate the blessing).

After the blessing I noticed that the green stole was made by the historic Warham Guild of London, and whose advisory board sat Percy Dearmer himself! The stole might have come from after his time, however, as I noticed a slight flair on the ends. How fitting, though, that I forgot my biretta while wearing the Warham Guild stole! Oh, and the cassock I borrowed was of the Anglican double-breasted variety, and the surplice was a simple, unadorned Almy surplice. Alas, what is happening to me?

The Warham Guild merged with Wippell's in the 1960s, and was completely absorbed by them in 1980.

Sister Gertrude Morgan

Here is a link to great CD by the American preacher/singer/artist Sister Gertrude Morgan (1900-1980). I love stuff like this. Sr. Gertrude lived in New Orleans, and would roam the streets of the French Quarter in a black dress and white collar with a megaphone shouting, and sometimes chanting, the gospel messages through it. Often she would keep time with a tambourine. She was involved in numerous charitable works, founding two orphanages, starting churches, and starting a food bank. In 1957 she had some sort of mystical experience in which she felt that God was calling her to become the "bride of Christ", so she started wearing a white nurse's uniform (white, pure), filled her home with white furniture, and began painting even more prolifically. Her primitive, apocalyptic art is particularly interesting.

Church Planting

This is a topic that I have discussed before. At synod there was talk of starting missions in a number of DEUS deaneries, and numerous parishes have started missions (especially in North Carolina). We have even talked of forming one at St. Alban's, and even doing something collaborative with the REC in this area, but alas, it looks like I will not be around for that since I'm moving to Florida.

What I would like to see is comprehensive plan for church planting developed in each diocese. Something like, "We want to try to start X number of parishes a year; we want to appoint a diocesan missioner; we want to start a fund to support this." And so on. It is possible, of course, to start missions without a grandiose plan, and plans don't always work out. But I think that having one would at least give us something to aim for and help the whole process grow and flourish for the glory of Jesus Christ. Maybe it something that can first be developed at the parish level. We have the clergy and postulants now, it seems, to go out and start missions. And there are enough people out there to be evangelized, and people from exisiting parishes, to start small core groups that can grow into new churches. So it is not impossible. But there are still difficulties, such as paying the priest, location, etc. There are so many factors involved, and that is why I think we need a comprehensive plan.

I try to make a conscious effort to evangelize, and tell other people about the Lord Jesus Christ. We have such a short amount of time here in this life, and I think we need to use our time with others - the clerk at the store, the guy at flower shop, etc. - to share the gospel with them however we can. If we believe that without Jesus Christ the world is lost then we will, or should, try to evangelize in some way shape or form. But then it always gets back to this question: where are you going to tell them to go to church? There are no continuing Anglican parishes in Baltimore City (where I live), and very few in the region, so I end up recommending churches of other traditions half the time. If there weren't a couple of FiFNa parishes here in town, then there would be no Anglican church to direct them to at all!

We Anglicans have never believed that we are the one true church, and some might suggest that's the reason why we are slow to start new parishes and evangelize. But I don't think that's necessarily the case. It doesn't stop other groups from evangelizing and church planting, and from being very succesful at it. So I hope, over time, we in the APA and REC, and other Anglican groups, can work together to develop a comprehensive plan for evangelism and church planting for the greater glory of God.

Tridentine Decrees

I was flipping through one of my seminary texts last night, one I had to read for Fundamental Theology - "Systematic Theology: Roman Catholic Perspectives" (Fortress Press), and found an interesting passage dealing with the eucharist. The author, David Powers, a theology professor from Catholic University, writes on p.280 that the Tridentine decrees were historically determined, apologetic, and defensive documents, rather than the authentic and full teaching of the Christian faith on the eucharist. He suggests that Trent itself never intended its decrees to be read as eternal, immutable, and unchanging laws.

It is always interesting to see what is being taught on the grass roots level in the Roman Church, and how it is so different from what many traditionalist RCs (especially converts, and people addicted to EWTN) believe.

The Sacramental Principle - By the Rt. Rev'd Albert Chambers

Here is a cool article by the Rt. Rev'd Albert Chambers that I found on the Church of the Resurrection's (NYC, Fr. Barry Swain, SSC, rector) website. Chambers was once the rector of this parish. More important, he was one of the three bishops who consecrated the first four bishops of the "continuing church" in the mid-seventies.

The Sacramental Principle

by The Rt Rev’d Albert A. Chambers,

Bishop of Springfield 1962-1972

Rector of this Church 1949-1962

“That they may by your good works, which they shall behold, glorify God on the day of visitation.”

Good works do not necessarily mean the moral and ethical lives we lead. One can never tell how far-reaching the influence is of our good deeds. We would not minimize it, or belittle it. But there is another kind of bearing witness and another kind of giving glory to God which is inherent in our worship.

William Earnest Hocking once wrote, “Symbols without explanations run to theological mummery; explanations without symbols run to philosophical dry bones.” If you have two hands, why use only one?

In the Book of Common Prayer, embodying the Catholic heritage of the Church, the sacramental principle is preserved. Outward and visible signs are the effective and divinely instituted means of bestowing inward and spiritual grace. That is what a Sacrament is. Yet to use the outward and visible thing without knowing its meaning is mummery; to neglect the outward and visible thing is to lose one’s self in philosophical “dry bones”. Having two hands, why use only one?

The sacramental principle is natural and reasonable. We who are within the Catholic tradition believe it to be necessary. The inner response to the outward and visible is essential. The outward and visible augments the inner response.

We can understand better the means of Grace instituted and commanded by Our Lord if we begin with ourselves. We can call this the sacramental principle on the human level. We do not believe this irreverent or sacrilegious if it helps us to understand the mystery of the sacramental life.

We begin simply by looking at man as he is. Man lives in two worlds at the same time: the material and the spiritual.

The material world is appreciated and apprehended through the five senses: hearing, seeing, tasting, smelling, feeling with our bodies. It is a concrete world. It is made up of things. These things can be measured, described, compared. They are concrete. This world includes our bodies as well as so-called inanimate objets.

The spiritual world is invisible. It is appreciated and apprehended through the activity of the soul, the spirit, the mind. It is abstract. It cannot be measured, described, compared – though it can be demonstrated. In it are all the qualities of the spiritual life: love, goodness, kindness, truth, beauty, forgiveness, understanding, knowledge, joy, happiness, peace, and many other realities not describable. They are derived from God, who is the source and creator of them, even as he is the source and creator of all in the physical world.

The materialism of our present day may have its roots in the fact that the physical world is measurable and can be described precisely, as by the use of mathematics, whereas the spiritual world, eluding the senses, is incapable of measurement. One can buy a dozen eggs, or a bushel of apples, or weigh 160 pounds or be 5’10” in height. These are accurate descriptions. But one cannot say that he has a bushel 0f love, or a dozen of beauty, or that he is happier than someone else, or that he loves his wife more than someone else loves his wife. Yet which of the two worlds in which man lives is more important?

Without belittling the physical world (which would necessitate belittling our own bodies) we recognize the fact that the material, physical world is transitory and temporary, whereas the spiritual world is eternal. This we emphasize in order that we may have the proper perspective and may maintain the proper emphasis in our living.

Man’s life in these two worlds is fulfilled through the sacramental principle on a human level. That which is within must be expressed by that which is without. So we use the outward and visible as the means of communication. A thought in the mind or a feeling in the heart is expressed by the outward and visible. Life is lived day by day through the use of these outward signs.

Speech is a sacrament on the human level. It uses a physical apparatus to communicate the ideas or thoughts or feelings that are within and are invisible. The written word is a sacrament on the human level, because it, too, is a vehicle of communication – the means by which the unseen becomes visible. An embrace, a kiss, a handshake: these all partake of the sacramental character. Everything we do or say uses the outward and visible thing as the means of expressing that which is within.

There is a further observation. Not only do we express ourselves through the outward and visible, but we are also impressed by it. Speech, the written word, the embrace, make their impression upon us as we receive the communication intended for us. “A thing of beauty is a joy forever.” A symphony, a landscape (to take the obvious) impresses us – “does something to us –for us” Thus we respond to people, their attractiveness, and the outward and visible manifestation of their characters.

The whole process of communication is thus in reality a simple one. This is the way we are created. It is a process so simple and natural that we accept it without thought. The physical world gives us the tools and instruments with which to express ourselves one to another, and by which we are impressed one by another.

Is it unnatural therefore to expect that God would use this natural process in his relationship to us, and that we should use it in our relationship to him? We should not be surprised, therefore, to find sacraments in his Church, instituted by him, commanded by him, to be a means of Grace, a means of communication by which we meet him, by which he expresses himself to us, by which we are impressed by him. And we should not be surprised to find these same sacraments a means through which we are privileged to express ourselves to him, and by which we strive to impress him with our response to his love for us, our worship and our devotion.

Because He is pure spirit and we are bidden to worship him in spirit and in truth, should we limit him to “spiritual mental telepathy” and reject the outward and visible means which he might use? This would seem to be unnatural and unintelligent, to say nothing of its being disobedient. He did command – “preach, baptize, teach”. He did say – “Do this in remembrance of me”.

We rejoice in the sacraments of God’s Church, because his sacraments are means by which he communicates his life and power to us. We rejoice because he lets his sacramental grace pour into our hearts to bring the miracle of rebirth and the remission of sin in Holy Baptism; the Heavenly food in the sacrament of the Altar, the living bread which comes down from Heaven; the out-pouring of the Holy Spirit in Confirmation; the blessing and sacramental grace in Holy Matrimony; the special gift of the Holy Spirit given in Holy Orders; the absolution and forgiveness of sins in Sacramental Confession; and the healing power of God in Holy Unction. He uses these means of communicating to man his love, his gifts, his resources. They are also a means by which man lifts heart in adoration and worship to the throne of Grace.

There is another fact, related to this principle, for which we in the Catholic tradition stand, and about which there is much ignorance. It is the use of outward and visible signs in our worship. Merely to illustrate, without attempting to give in any way an exhaustive list of them, we cite a few of the “externals” of our worship.

The use of incense in our worship has an ancient and noble history. Incense is the symbol of honor, or purification. It reminds us that our prayers are rising to the throne of Grace – “let my prayer be set forth in thy sight as the incense, and let the lifting up of my hands be an evening sacrifice”. The use of incense comes to us from the Jewish Church where it was always part of their worship. It was because the early Christians would not burn incense – just a grain of it – to the Emperor that they were martyred. The use of incense is not meaningless. To burn it to the living God is to pay honor and tribute to him. Its use is abundantly justified.

The bodily acts of devotion common to our heritage are significant: the genuflection, for example – “at the name of Jesus, every knee shall bow, of things in Heaven and things in earth”. We bend the knee to honor his presence when we come into that Presence; we bend the knee to honor him as we approach to receive at the altar rail the Christ who gave himself for us. We stand to honor men of earth, we kneel to honor the King of Heaven.

Making the sign of the cross is also an outward and visible sign, reminding us that we were signed with the cross in Holy Baptism, and that we are not ashamed to confess the faith of Christ crucified. In the early Church the sign of the cross was a secret symbol by which Christians identified themselves to each other. We can thank God that today we can openly and joyfully sign ourselves with the cross in the name of the Blessed Trinity, thus reminding ourselves of God’s presence and bearing witness to our faith in him. There are many other bodily acts of devotion which assist us in our worship because they partake of the abiding principle of daily living, using outward acts to express inward realities.

In our worship of God we use many outward and visible signs. The vestments, the Altar Frontals, the stained glass windows, the beauty of Church architecture and decoration – these all have their rich heritage and meaning, and they all partake of the same principle – to worship the Lord in the beauty of holiness. They are means by which we express honor to him, by which we beautify his holy temple, by which we respond to his love. They all make their indelible impression upon us as they help to lift us to his Presence.

Call these “extra” aids to worship, but never forget their importance. They are simply means by which man can express himself in love and adoration to the God who created him, and by which he can pay him honor. They are means by which he can impress God of man’s response to his love. They also are instruments by which God expresses himself. These outward and visible instruments are made a means of communicating through which God expresses himself and impresses men.

These are good works. These are the things which we can behold. These are things and means by which we can glorify God. To deny them is to deny the means God has put at our disposal in order to deepen our life with him, to respond to his love, and to offer him worship.